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Modern Jewish Theology is the first comprehensive collection of
Jewish theological ideas from the pathbreaking nineteenth and early
twentieth centuries, featuring selections from more than thirty of
the most influential Jewish thinkers of the era, explorations of
Judaism’s identity, uniqueness, and relevance, the origin of
ethical monotheism, and the possibility of Jewish existentialism.
These works—most translated for the first time into English by
top scholars in modern Jewish history and philosophy—reveal how
modern Jewish theology developed in concert with broader trends in
Jewish intellectual and social modernization, especially
scholarship (Wissenschaft des Judentums), politics (liberalism and
Zionism), and religious practice (movement Judaism and the
struggles to transcend denominational boundaries). This anthology
thus opens to the English-language reader a true treasure house of
source material from the formative years of modern Jewish thought,
bringing together writings from the very first generations, who
imagined biblical and rabbinic texts and modern scientific research
would produce a synthetic view of God, Israel, and the world. A
general introduction and chapter introductions guide students and
non-specialists through the key themes and transformations in
modern Jewish theology, and extensive annotations immerse them in
the latest scholarship.
This book investigates the re-discovery of Maimonides' Guide of the
Perplexed by the Wissenschaft des Judentums movement in Germany of
the nineteenth and beginning twentieth Germany. Since this movement
is inseparably connected with religious reforms that took place at
about the same time, it shall be demonstrated how the Reform
Movement in Judaism used the Guide for its own agenda of
historizing, rationalizing and finally turning Judaism into a
philosophical enterprise of 'ethical monotheism'. The study follows
the reception of Maimonidean thought, and the Guide specifically,
through the nineteenth century, from the first beginnings of early
reformers in 1810 and their reading of Maimonides to the
development of a sophisticated reform-theology, based on
Maimonides, in the writings of Hermann Cohen more then a hundred
years later.
In recent years more and more scholars have become aware of the
fact that the 19th century movement of the Wissenschaft des
Judentums engaged in essential research of kabbalistic texts and
thinkers. The legend of Wissenschaft's neglect for the mystic
traditions of Judaism is no longer sustainable. However, the true
extent of this enterprise of German Jewish scholars is not yet
known. This book will give an overview of what the leading figures
have actually achieved: Landauer, Jellinek, Jost, Graetz,
Steinschneider and others. It is true that their theological
evaluation of the "worth" of kabbalah for what they believed was
the 'essence of Judaism' yielded overall negative results, but this
rejection was rationally founded and rather suggests a true concern
for Judaism that transcended their own emancipation and
assimilation as German Jews.
During the first half of the 19th century, traditional Jewish
conceptions of the Messiah underwent a profound reinterpretation.
In place of the vision of a messianic king, new ideas arose about
an ideal world. G. Kohler demonstrates that this new reading of
Jewish messianism did not originate from the works of the
philosopher Hermann Cohen, but instead, had already arisen during
the 1840s.
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